1. Propagation in Media
In a dielectric, constants $\epsilon_0$ and $\mu_0$ are replaced by the material's permittivity and permeability.
$v = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\epsilon\mu}} = \frac{c}{n}$
The Index of Refraction ($n$) determines how much the wave slows down. Since frequency $f$ is fixed:
- $\lambda_{medium} = \lambda_0 / n$
- $v_{medium} = c / n$
Index of Refraction ($n$)
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Electric Field ($\vec{E}$)
Magnetic Field ($\vec{B}$)
VACUUM ($n=1$)
MEDIUM ($n > 1$)